{"id":1960,"date":"2026-02-03T14:21:02","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T13:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/?page_id=1960"},"modified":"2026-02-03T16:40:42","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T15:40:42","slug":"glossaire-technique-lithopreparation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/?page_id=1960","title":{"rendered":"Glossaire techniques lithopr\u00e9paration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
TERME<\/em><\/strong><\/td>D\u00c9FINITIONS<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Abrasifs<\/strong><\/td>Poudres ou disques (carborundum, diamant, oxyde de chrome, oxyde d’alumine…) pour polir ou roder les \u00e9chantillons.<\/td><\/tr>
Alt\u00e9ration<\/strong><\/td>Modification de la composition min\u00e9ralogique due \u00e0 une pr\u00e9paration inadapt\u00e9e (chaleur, produits chimiques).<\/td><\/tr>
Amincissement<\/strong><\/td>R\u00e9duire l\u2019\u00e9paisseur de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon jusqu\u2019\u00e0 30 \u00b5m \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une r\u00f4deuse, d\u2019un tripode ou manuellement.<\/td><\/tr>
Aplanissement<\/strong><\/td>Rendre une face de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon parfaitement plane \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une r\u00f4deuse ou manuellement.<\/td><\/tr>
Bain \u00e0 ultrasons<\/strong><\/td>Utilis\u00e9 pour nettoyer les \u00e9chantillons ou les lames avant ou apr\u00e8s pr\u00e9paration.<\/td><\/tr>
Bulles d\u2019air<\/strong><\/td>Pr\u00e9sence de bulles dans la r\u00e9sine ou le liquide de montage, alt\u00e9rant la qualit\u00e9 de la lame.<\/td><\/tr>
Collage<\/strong><\/td>Fixation de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon sur une lame de verre \u00e0 l’aide r\u00e9sine \u00e9poxy.<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00e9collage<\/strong><\/td>L\u2019\u00e9chantillon se d\u00e9tache de la lame de verre, souvent \u00e0 cause d\u2019un mauvais dosage de composants.<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00e9coupe<\/strong><\/td>Premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape du protocole : d\u00e9couper l\u2019\u00e9chantillon \u00e0 la taille souhait\u00e9e avec une scie diamant\u00e9e.<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c9paisseur in\u00e9gale<\/strong><\/td>La lame mince n\u2019a pas une \u00e9paisseur uniforme, ce qui perturbe l\u2019observation microscopique.<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c9paisseur standard<\/strong><\/td>\u00c9paisseur id\u00e9ale d\u2019une lame mince (30 \u00b5m), permettant la transmission de la lumi\u00e8re pour l\u2019observation en microscopie optique.<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c9thanol<\/strong><\/td>Utilis\u00e9 pour nettoyer les \u00e9chantillons et les lames avant collage et apr\u00e8s recouvrement au baume du Canada.<\/td><\/tr>
Lame porte-objet<\/strong><\/td>Support en verre sur lequel est coll\u00e9e l’\u00e9chantillon pour r\u00e9aliser la lame mince.<\/td><\/tr>
Lame mince<\/strong><\/td>\u00c9chantillon de roche ou min\u00e9ral aminci \u00e0 30 \u00b5m, coll\u00e9 sur une lame de verre pour observation au microscope polarisant.<\/td><\/tr>
Lamelle coure-objet<\/strong><\/td>Fine plaque de verre ou de plastique plac\u00e9e sur la lame mince pour la prot\u00e9ger.<\/td><\/tr>
Liquide de montage<\/strong><\/td>Liquide (comme le baume du Canada) pour coller la lamelle de protection sur la lame mince.<\/td><\/tr>
Microscope polarisant<\/strong><\/td>Microscope utilis\u00e9 pour observer les lames minces en lumi\u00e8re polaris\u00e9e.<\/td><\/tr>
Montage sous lamelle<\/strong><\/td>Placer une lamelle de protection sur la lame mince avec un liquide de montage.<\/td><\/tr>
Nettoyage aux ultrasons<\/strong><\/td>Technique pour \u00e9liminer les r\u00e9sidus de polissage ou de d\u00e9coupe.<\/td><\/tr>
Polissage<\/strong><\/td>Rendre la surface de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon lisse et brillante pour une observation optimale.<\/td><\/tr>
Polisseuse<\/strong><\/td>Appareil \u00e9quip\u00e9 de disques abrasifs ou de poudres abrasives pour polir les surfaces des \u00e9chantillons.<\/td><\/tr>
Presse \u00e0 chaud<\/strong><\/td>Appareil pour coller l\u2019\u00e9chantillon sur la lame de verre \u00e0 l\u2019aide de r\u00e9sine et de chaleur.<\/td><\/tr>
Rayures<\/strong><\/td>Marques sur la surface de la lame mince ou de la section polie, dues \u00e0 un polissage incorrect.<\/td><\/tr>
Rectifieuse multiplaques<\/strong><\/td>Machine pour aplanir et r\u00e9duire l\u2019\u00e9paisseur des \u00e9chantillons avant mise \u00e0 l’\u00e9paisseur.<\/td><\/tr>
R\u00e9sine \u00e9poxy<\/strong><\/td>Colle utilis\u00e9e pour fixer l\u2019\u00e9chantillon sur la lame de verre. R\u00e9sistante et transparente.<\/td><\/tr>
Scie diamant\u00e9e<\/strong><\/td>Outil \u00e9quip\u00e9 d\u2019un disque diamant\u00e9 pour d\u00e9couper les roches ou min\u00e9raux avec pr\u00e9cision.<\/td><\/tr>
Section polie<\/strong><\/td>Surface plane et polie d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon, utilis\u00e9e pour l\u2019analyse en lumi\u00e8re r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie ou en microscopie \u00e9lectronique.<\/td><\/tr>
Tron\u00e7onneuse de pr\u00e9cision \/ Scie d\u2019arasement<\/strong><\/td>Scie permettant des coupes fines et pr\u00e9cises.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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TERME D\u00c9FINITIONS Abrasifs Poudres ou disques (carborundum, diamant, oxyde de chrome, oxyde d’alumine…) pour polir ou roder les \u00e9chantillons. Alt\u00e9ration Modification de la composition min\u00e9ralogique due \u00e0 une pr\u00e9paration inadapt\u00e9e (chaleur, produits chimiques). Amincissement R\u00e9duire l\u2019\u00e9paisseur de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon jusqu\u2019\u00e0 30 \u00b5m \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une r\u00f4deuse, d\u2019un tripode ou manuellement. Aplanissement Rendre une face de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1960","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1960"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1981,"href":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1960\/revisions\/1981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithos.insu.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}